Sunday, June 6, 2021

urine analysis in hindi

Posted by Manish Thakur on June 06, 2021 in

 

A urinalysis is a simple test that looks at a small sample of your urine.  It can help find problems that need treatment, including infections or kidney problems.  It can also help find serious diseases in the early stages, like kidney disease, diabetes, or liver disease.  A urinalysis is also called a “urine test.”

A urine test can include three parts:

  • Visual exam.  The urine will be looked at for color and clearness. Blood may make urine look red or the color of tea or cola. An infection may make urine look cloudy. Foamy urine can be a sign of kidney problems.

  • Microscopic exam.  A small amount of urine will be looked at under a microscope to check for things that do not belong in normal urine that cannot be seen with the naked eye, including red blood cells, white blood cells (or pus cells), bacteria (germs), or crystals (which are formed from chemicals in the urine and may eventually get bigger and become kidney stones).

  • Dipstick test.  A dipstick is a thin, plastic stick with strips of chemicals on it.  It is dipped into the urine.  The strips change color if a substance is present at a level that is above normal.  . Some of the things a dipstick examination can check for include:

    • Acidity (pH) is a measure of the amount of acid in the urine. A pH that is above normal may be a sign of kidney stones, urinary infections, kidney problems, or other disorders.
    • Protein is an important building block in the body. Everyone has protein in their blood.  But it should only be in your blood, not your urine.  Your kidneys play a role in this process.  Healthy kidneys remove waste products and extra water from your blood, but leave behind the things your body needs, like protein.  When kidneys are injured, protein leaks into your urine. Having protein in your urine suggests that your kidney's filtering units are damaged by kidney disease.
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Friday, May 1, 2020

Posted by Manish Thakur on May 01, 2020 in
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Wednesday, April 22, 2020

Urine Test: Routine Culture

Posted by Manish Thakur on April 22, 2020 in

Urine Test: Routine Culture


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What It Is

A routine urine culture detects the amount of germs (microorganisms like bacteria) present in the urine.
Once a urine sample is collected, a technician will keep it in conditions where microorganisms can multiply. Normally, no more than a small number of germs will be in the urine if there's no infection. If a larger number of germs are present, the technician will use a microscope or chemical tests to determine the specific types growing in the culture. The technician also may run tests to determine which medications will be most effective against the microorganism if the doctor diagnoses an infection.

Why It's Done

A urine culture is used to diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) and see what kinds of germs are causing it. The doctor may order a urine culture if your child:
  • complains of a painful sensation when peeing
  • feels the urge to pee frequently but doesn't produce much urine (also called urgency)
  • has a fever of without a clear reason or has abdominal pain
  • has a routine urinalysis that is abnormal, especially if it shows a high number of white blood cells
  • has completed a course of treatment for a UTI, to see if the infection is gone

Preparation

No preparation other than cleansing the area around the urinary opening is required for the urine culture. Tell your doctor if your child is taking antibiotics or has taken them recently.

The Procedure

Collecting the sample should only take a few minutes. Your child will be asked to pee into a sterile sample cup in the doctor's office. If your child isn't potty trained and can't pee into a cup, a catheter (a narrow soft tube) may need to be inserted into the bladder to obtain the urine specimen.
The skin surrounding the urinary opening has to be cleaned just before the urine is collected. In this "clean-catch" method, you or your child cleans the skin around the urinary opening with a special towelette. Your child then urinates into the toilet, stops momentarily, and then urinates again into the collection container. Catching the pee in "midstream" is the goal. The container shouldn't touch your child's skin. Be sure to wash your hands and your child's hands before and after this process.
Sometimes it's preferable to collect a sample first thing in the morning after your child wakes up. If this is the case, you may be asked to help your child with the test at home. You'll take the sample to the lab, where a technician will test it for the presence of germs. Follow any storage and transportation instructions the lab gives you.

What to Expect

Because the test involves normal urination, there shouldn't be any discomfort as long as your child can provide a urine sample. (There may be temporary discomfort if a catheter was inserted to collect the urine.) It's important to keep the area around the urinary opening clean before the test and to catch the urine sample midstream.

Getting the Results

The results of the urine culture will be available in 1-3 days. Your doctor will go over the results with you and explain what they mean.

Risks

No risks are involved when providing a sample for a urine culture. If a catheterized specimen is required, it may cause temporary discomfort. You can discuss any questions you have about this procedure with your healthcare provider.

Helping Your Child

Urinating to provide the specimen for the test is usually painless. Ease your child’s fears by explaining how the test will be conducted and why it's being done. Make sure your child understands that the urinary opening must be clean and the pee must be collected midstream.

If You Have Questions

If you have questions about the urine culture, speak with your doctor.
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microscopic urinalysis

Posted by Manish Thakur on April 22, 2020 in

how is microscopic urinalysis done?

Microscopic urinalysis is done simply pouring the urine sample into a test tube and centrifuging it (spinning it down in a machine) for a few minutes. The top liquid part (the supernatant) is discarded. The solid part left in the bottom of the test tube (the urine sediment) is mixed with the remaining drop of urine in the test tube and one drop is analyzed under a microscope.
The sediment is examined through the microscope under low-power to identify what are called casts, crystals, squamous (flat) cells, and other large objects.
Examination is then performed through the microscope at higher power to further identify any cells, bacteria and clumps of cells or debris called casts.
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What Is Urinalysis?

Posted by Manish Thakur on April 22, 2020 in


Urinalysis is a series of tests on your pee. Doctors use it to check for signs of common conditions or diseases. Other names for it are urine test, urine analysis, and UA.
You may have a urinalysis as part of a routine check of your overall health, for instance as part of an annual physical. Urinalysis is one way to find certain illnesses in their earlier stages. They include:
Your doctor may also want to test your pee if you’re getting ready to have surgery or are about to be admitted to the hospital. Urinalysis can be part of a pregnancy checkup, too.
If you have symptoms of a kidney or urinary tract problem, you may have the tests to help find out what the problem is. Those symptoms include:
  • Pain in your belly
  • Pain in your back
  • Pain when you pee or needing to go frequently
  • Blood in your pee
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You might also have this test regularly if you have a condition such as a kidney disease that needs to be watched over time.

How Does It Work?

There are three ways to analyze urine, and your test might use all of them.
One is a visual exam, which checks the color and clarity. If your pee has blood in it, it might be red or dark brown. Foam can be a sign of kidney disease, while cloudy urine may mean you have an infection.
A microscopic exam checks for things too small to be seen otherwise. Some of the things that shouldn’t be in your urine that a microscope can find include:
  • Red blood cells
  • White blood cells
  • Bacteria
  • Crystals (clumps of minerals – a possible sign of kidney stones)
The third part of urinalysis is the dipstick test, which uses a thin plastic strip treated with chemicals. It’s dipped into your urine, and the chemicals on the stick react and change color if levels are above normal. Things the dipstick test can check for include:
  • Acidity, or pH. If the acid is abnormal, you could have kidney stones, a urinary tract infection (UTI) or another condition.
  • Protein. This can be a sign your kidneys are not working right. Kidneys filter waste products out of your blood.
  • Glucose. A high sugar content is a marker for diabetes.
  • White blood cells. These are a sign of infection or inflammation, either in the kidneys or anywhere else along urinary tract.
  • Nitrites. This means that there is an infection with certain kinds of bacteria.
  • Bilirubin. If this waste product, which is normally eliminated by your liver, shows up, it may mean your liver isn’t working properly.
  • Blood in your urine. Sometimes this is a sign of infections or certain illnesses.
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Saturday, March 28, 2020

URINE

Posted by Manish Thakur on March 28, 2020 in
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